Treatments

Veins

Veins play a crucial role in circulation by carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart. However, various conditions can affect the veins, leading to discomfort, swelling, and even severe health risks. Vascular surgery focuses on diagnosing and treating these vein disorders effectively.

Symptoms

Vascular surgery and minimally invasive procedures offer effective solutions for vein disorders. Common treatments include:
  • Sclerotherapy – A non-surgical procedure where a special solution is injected to close off spider veins and small varicose veins.
  • Endovenous Laser Therapy (EVLT) – A laser-based procedure that treats larger varicose veins by sealing them shut.
  • Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) – Uses radiofrequency energy to heat and collapse diseased veins.
  • Phlebectomy – A minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove varicose veins through small incisions.
  • Compression Therapy – Special stockings help improve circulation and reduce symptoms.

Aortic Diseases

The aorta is the largest artery in the body, responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Aortic diseases can be life-threatening and require specialized vascular care.

Symptoms

Treatment Options

  • Medications – To manage blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications.
  • Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) – A minimally invasive procedure to reinforce a weakened aorta.

  • Open Aortic Surgery – In cases where endovascular procedures are not viable, open surgery may be required to repair the aorta.

  • Lifestyle Changes – Managing risk factors such as smoking, high cholesterol, and hypertension to prevent progression.

Legs

Leg circulation issues can lead to significant discomfort and serious health complications. Vascular conditions affecting the legs can be caused by poor blood flow, vein disorders, or arterial diseases.

Common Leg Conditions

  1. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) – A condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood supply to the legs, leading to pain and cramping.

  2. Chronic Venous Insufficiency – When veins in the legs fail to return blood efficiently, causing swelling, pain, and skin changes.

  3. Leg Ulcers – Open sores resulting from poor circulation or untreated vein issues.

  4. Lymphedema – Swelling in the legs due to lymphatic system blockages.

  5. Claudication – Pain or cramping in the legs due to insufficient blood flow during exercise.

Symptoms

Treatment Options

  • Angioplasty & Stenting – A minimally invasive procedure to open narrowed arteries.

  • Bypass Surgery – Creating a new route for blood flow in severely blocked arteries.

  • Compression Therapy – Improves circulation and reduces swelling.

  • Exercise Therapy – Helps improve blood flow and reduce symptoms.

  • Medications – Blood thinners, cholesterol-lowering drugs, or medications to improve circulation.

 

Excessive Perspiration

Excessive perspiration, or hyperhidrosis, is a condition where the body sweats excessively beyond what is necessary for temperature regulation. This can affect various areas, including the hands, feet, underarms, and face, causing discomfort and social anxiety

Causes of Excessive Perspiration

  1. Primary Hyperhidrosis – Caused by overactive sweat glands, often with a genetic component.

  2. Secondary Hyperhidrosis – Triggered by underlying medical conditions such as hormonal imbalances, infections, or nervous system disorders.

  3. Emotional or Stress-Induced Sweating – Sweating triggered by anxiety or emotional stress.

  4. Heat and Physical Activity – Excessive sweating in response to environmental temperatures or exertion.

Symptoms

Treatment Options

  • Topical Treatments – Prescription-strength antiperspirants to block sweat glands.

  • Botox Injections – Temporarily blocks nerve signals that stimulate sweat production.

  • Oral Medications – Drugs that reduce sweating by blocking nerve signals.

  • Iontophoresis – A treatment using electrical currents to reduce sweating in hands and feet.

  • Surgical Options – In severe cases, procedures such as sympathectomy (cutting nerves that control sweating) may be considered.

Stroke Prevention

Stroke is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, leading to potential brain damage. Preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of stroke.

Risk Factors for Stroke

  1. High Blood Pressure – The leading cause of stroke, increasing pressure on artery walls.

  2. Diabetes – Can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of clot formation.

  3. Smoking – Raises the risk of stroke by damaging blood vessels and increasing clotting tendencies.

  4. High Cholesterol – Leads to plaque buildup, narrowing arteries and restricting blood flow.

  5. Obesity and Sedentary Lifestyle – Increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

  6. Atrial Fibrillation – An irregular heart rhythm that increases the likelihood of clot formation.

Stroke Prevention Strategies

  • Regular Blood Pressure Monitoring – Keeping blood pressure under control.

  • Healthy Diet – Low in saturated fats and rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

  • Regular Exercise – At least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days of the week.

  • Quitting Smoking – Reducing damage to blood vessels.

  • Managing Diabetes – Keeping blood sugar levels stable.

  • Medication – Taking prescribed medications for blood pressure, cholesterol, and heart conditions.

Dialysis Access Surgery

Dialysis access surgery is a critical procedure for patients with kidney failure who require long-term dialysis treatment. The goal of the surgery is to create a reliable and efficient access point for hemodialysis, ensuring optimal blood flow for effective treatment.

Types of Dialysis Access

  1. Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula – A direct connection between an artery and a vein, usually in the arm, allowing for better blood flow and long-term durability. It is considered the best option for dialysis access due to lower infection risks and improved function.
  2. Arteriovenous (AV) Graft – A synthetic tube connecting an artery and vein when a fistula is not an option. It provides a suitable alternative but has a higher risk of clotting and infection.
  3. Central Venous Catheter (CVC) – A temporary access method where a catheter is placed in a large vein, usually in the neck or chest. It is used for immediate dialysis but is not ideal for long-term use due to a higher risk of infection.

When to Consider Dialysis Access Surgery

Patients with advanced kidney disease requiring dialysis should undergo access placement before starting regular treatments. Early planning helps prevent complications and ensures the access site matures properly before use.

Post-Surgery Care

  • Regular monitoring for signs of infection, swelling, or blockages.
  • Proper hygiene and care to maintain long-term function.
  • Avoiding excessive pressure or strain on the access site.

Dialysis access surgery is a crucial step in managing kidney failure, providing a lifeline for patients undergoing hemodialysis. Consulting with a vascular surgeon can help determine the best access option tailored to individual needs.

Take the First Step Toward Better Vascular Health

Mr Sharma was awarded an MD Thesis in 2015 for his research in effective and safe monitoring of patients after endovascular interventions. He has an active interest in the training and teaching of undergraduate post graduate doctors.

You could also contact him for his professional guidance and for understanding of his work